{"id":2978,"date":"2017-09-07T20:19:07","date_gmt":"2017-09-07T18:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.argia.eus\/blogak\/urko-apaolaza\/?p=2978"},"modified":"2017-09-07T20:19:07","modified_gmt":"2017-09-07T18:19:07","slug":"zikunagako-paper-lantegiko-emakume-langileen-borrokak-50-urte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogak.argia.eus\/urko-apaolaza\/2017\/09\/07\/zikunagako-paper-lantegiko-emakume-langileen-borrokak-50-urte\/","title":{"rendered":"Ziku\u00f1agako paper lantegiko emakume langileen borrokak 50 urte"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>

Ziku\u00f1agako emakume langile batzuk Hernaniko udal artxiboan gordetzen den mende erdialdeko erretratu historikoan.<\/p><\/div>\n

1967ko irailaren 9an grebari ekin zion emakume talde batek Hernaniko lantegian, soldata jaitsi zietelako eta baldintza duinak eskatuz. Garesti ordainduko zuten.<\/p>\n

Hamarkadatan oharkabean pasa den gertaera horietako bat da hau, eta noski, emakumeak dira protagonista. Hernaniko Papelera de Zicu\u00f1aga S.A lantegi handian jazo zen duela mende erdi langile borroka aitzindaria, frankismoaren betean, enpresarien paternalismoak eta botereak mugarik ez zuenean. Erregimenak guztiz kontrolatutako Sindikatu Bertikalaren aurrean, JOC (Juventudes Obreras Cat\u00f3licas) bezalako erakundeetan soilik antolatu zitezkeen gazte zein langileak, horren ingurumarian ibili ziren 1967ko Ziku\u00f1agako grebalarietako asko.<\/p>\n

Zergatik sortu zen gatazka?<\/strong><\/p>\n

450 langile inguru izango ziren orduan paper fabrika garrantzitsuan. Eskolan edo etxean bezala, lanean ere matxismoa erabat errotuta zegoen, gizonak makinetan eta emakumeak manipulazioan, soldata baxuagoekin jakina. Manipulazio sektorean 48 ziren, ia gehienak emakume gazteak, eta destajoan egiten zuten lan, hau da, hainbeste egin hainbeste kobratu; soldata prima<\/em> batzuekin osatzen zuten gainera.<\/p>\n

Kontua da primen baloreak aldatu zituztela egun batetik bestera eta zenbaitzuk %50 gutxiago kobratzen hasi zirela: 105 pezeta beharrean 59 pezeta (bai, ondo irakurri duzu), astean 48 ordu sartzen.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Hernani 1961eko airezko irudi batean eta paper lantegia gaur egun.<\/p><\/div>\n

Kexatu ziren, euren ikuspegia eskaini, baina alferrik. Eta orduan, 1967ko irailaren 7an, lan-aktibitatea jaitsi zuten protesta modura, eta plantoak egiten hasi. \u201cJaso genuen bakarra mehatxuak izan ziren: edo jarrera hori bertan behera utzi edo Fuerza P\u00fablica<\/em>ri deituko zitzaiola, Guardia Zibila alegia\u201d, dio Miren Clementek, orduko langile eta Enpresa Juradoko (egungo enpresa batzordeen antzeko zerbait) kideak.<\/p>\n

Pixkanaka jendea despeditzen hasi ziren, lehenengo lau, gero bi, gero beste bi\u2026 Guardia zibilak eta kapitainak ere azaldu ziren enpresan desalojoa edo egurra eskainiz, \u201cconsecuencias gubernamentales\u201d<\/em> deitzen zioten eufemismoz.<\/p>\n

Emakume denak ala inor ez<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cGaia asko hitz eginda genuen emakume guztien artean, bagenekien kaleratzeak baldin bazeuden ez zela inor sartuko lanera. Bati gertatzen zitzaiona guztioi gertatuko zitzaigula: denak ala inor ez\u201d, dio hernaniarrak. Eta greba etorri zen, halakorik erabat debekaturik zegoen arren garai haietan.<\/p>\n

Kopuruz asko ez baziren ere, eragin nabarmena izan zezakeen protesta horrek, Ziku\u00f1agako sekzio horretan katean egiten baitzuten lan eta grebak produkzioa eten zezakeen: \u201cEmakumeak izan arren, gure lana garrantzitsua eta beharrezkoa zen\u201d.<\/p>\n

Mehatxuak zirela-eta gainerako langileek apenas izan zuten elkartasunik erakusteko aukerarik, lantegia itxiko ote zuten beldurrarekin jolasten zuten orduko kudeatzaileek (horretan behintzat gauzak ez dira gehiegi aldatu).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Miren Clementek paper lantegian izandako borrokari buruzko bere testigantza eman digu (argazkia: Hernaniko Kronika)<\/p><\/div>\n

Clementek gogoan du Hernaniko herrian behinik behin laguntza handia jaso zutela, baita ondoko herrietan ere, erresistentzia kutxa osatu zuten eta beste papeleretako langileek eskaerei aurre egiteko ordu-estrak egiteari uko egin zioten.<\/p>\n

Hala ere garesti ordaindu zuten. Askok hilabeteak behar izan zituzten lanean kolokatzeko, noiz eta industrializazio basatiaren ondorioz lan-eskua inoiz baino beharrezkoago zen urte haietan; \u201cemakume arriskutsuak\u201d zirela esanez gutunak bidali zituen Ziku\u00f1agako fabrikako kudeatzaileak beste enpresetara.<\/p>\n

Gero, frankismoaren amaierarekin 1977an \u201camnistia laborala\u201d etorri zen, eta hamar urte horietan galdutakoa berreskuratu ahal izan zuten, sinbolikoki, kotizazio eta indemnizazio txiki batzuen bidez: \u201cEnpresari hori ordainaraztea garaipen bat bezala izan zen\u201d, dio gure solaskideak.<\/p>\n

Oroimen historikoa berreskuratzeko pausoak ematen ari garen honetan, ezkutuan geratu diren halako historiek zirrara sortzeaz gain, egungo ertzeko langileen borrokak ulertzeko balio dute. Horregatik da hain garrantzitsua Intxorta 1937k antolatutako Emeek Emana<\/em><\/a> eta antzeko ekimenetan horrelako testigantzak jaso izana.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

1967an Ziku\u00f1agan borroka egin zuten emakumeak*<\/strong><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Miren Clemente, Manoli Garin, Maria Luisa Rama, Maria Angeles Mateo, Maria Arantza Sorondo, Marina Gonzalez, Jesusa Naveiro, Asunci\u00f3n Martinez, Josefa Carballo, Maria Pilar Del R\u00edo, Lucina Arrieta, Bego\u00f1a Albistur, Petra Trejo, Felisa Estevez, Maria Carballo, Maria Carmen Mu\u00f1oz, Maria Jesus Zubitur, Maria Albizu, Maria Carmen Alvarez, Maria Angeles Rama, Maria Asunci\u00f3n Elizondo, Asunci\u00f3n Mendoza, Catalina Rodri\u00adguez, Dolores Sanchez, Antonia Ramiro, Consuelo Sanchez, C\u00e1ndida Guzm\u00e1n, Maria Carmen Pe\u00f1a, Maria Jesus Tijero, Maria Carmen Murillo.<\/em><\/p>\n

(*iturria Hernaniko Kronika<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1967ko irailaren 9an grebari ekin zion emakume talde batek Hernaniko lantegian, soldata jaitsi zietelako eta baldintza duinak eskatuz. Garesti ordainduko zuten. Hamarkadatan oharkabean pasa den gertaera horietako bat da hau, eta noski, emakumeak dira protagonista. Hernaniko Papelera de Zicu\u00f1aga S.A lantegi handian jazo zen duela mende erdi langile borroka aitzindaria, frankismoaren betean, enpresarien paternalismoak eta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,13],"tags":[290,498,644,799],"class_list":["post-2978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ekonomia","category-historia","tag-emakumeak","tag-hernani","tag-langile-borroka","tag-oroimen-historikoa"],"yoast_head":"\nZiku\u00f1agako paper lantegiko emakume langileen borrokak 50 urte - Angelu itsua<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogak.argia.eus\/urko-apaolaza\/2017\/09\/07\/zikunagako-paper-lantegiko-emakume-langileen-borrokak-50-urte\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ziku\u00f1agako paper lantegiko emakume langileen borrokak 50 urte - Angelu itsua\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1967ko irailaren 9an grebari ekin zion emakume talde batek Hernaniko lantegian, soldata jaitsi zietelako eta baldintza duinak eskatuz. 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