{"id":4409,"date":"2024-09-05T13:31:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T12:31:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogak.argia.eus\/urko-apaolaza\/?p=4409"},"modified":"2024-09-05T17:26:38","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T16:26:38","slug":"johanette-juxuekoa-sorginkeriagatik-erre-zuten-lehenengoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogak.argia.eus\/urko-apaolaza\/2024\/09\/05\/johanette-juxuekoa-sorginkeriagatik-erre-zuten-lehenengoa\/","title":{"rendered":"Joana Jutsikoa, sorginkeriagatik erre zuten lehenengoa?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"

Jan Van de Velde margolari herbeheeretarraren 1626ko grabatua, garai hartan sorginen inguruan zegoen imajinarioa zehatz jasotzen duena.<\/p><\/div>\n

Sorgin ehizari buruzko historia ezagunenak XVI. eta XVII. mendekoak dira Euskal Herrian: Erronkarin, Zugarramurdin eta Lapurdin, inkisidore eta torturatzaileen amorrua jasan zuten herritar ugarik. Hain justu 1525ean, duela ia 500 urte Pirinioetan lehen prozesu orokorra hasi zutela gogoratu dute abuztuan Auritzen<\/a>, Nabarralderen eskutik.<\/p>\n

Europan, milaka emakume erre zituzten sutan mende horietan, erreprodukzioaren gaineko kontrolaz jabetu ez zitezen, kapitalismorantz zuzen-zuzen zioan patriarkatuaren erasoaldi betean, ikerlan ugarik aspaldi frogatu duten moduan.<\/p>\n

Baina noiz hasi zen hori guztia? Pau Castell historialariak Les primeres bruixes<\/i> izeneko erreportaje zabala argitaratu du Sapiens<\/i> aldizkarian uda honetan<\/a>. 1424an, duela 600 urte, Kataliniako Pirinioetan dagoen vall d\u2019Aneun, sorginkeriaren kontrako lehen legea onartu zela izan du abiapuntu: \u201cXV. Mende hasieran, europa hegoaldeko justizia auzitegi desberdinak gizon eta emakumeak sutara bidaltzen hasi ziren, Jainkoaren eta gizartearen kontrako krimen berri bat egotzita: sorginkeria\u201d, dio Castellek.<\/p>\n

Aurrekaririk gabeko tipologia kriminala zela dio historialariak, \u201cbegizkoa, hilketak, heresia eta deabrukeria konbinatzen zituena\u201d. Hain justu, 1420ko hamarkadan gai horren inguruko lehen tratatu teologikoak hasi ziren argitaratzen eta, era berean, auziak ugaritu egin ziren arku itxurako eremu geografiko jakin batetan: Alpeetako bailaretatik hasi \u2013Piamonten eta Italiako erdialdean ere bai\u2013, eta Languedoc zein Kataluniatik igarota, Gaskoniaraino iristen zena.<\/p>\n

Castellek hainbat adibide goiztiar ematen ditu. Italiako Todi hirian, adibidez, antzeko lege bat ezarri eta Matteuccia di Francesca kondenatu zuten sutara beste hainbat emakumerekin, \u201cliluratzaile publikoa\u201d izateagatik. Alpeetako Valais bailaran berriz, infantizidioa, deabruari omenaldiak egitea eta likantropia \u2013animalia bihurtzeko gaitasuna\u2013 egotzi zieten emakume askori Lo\u00e9chen (1428), Morele (1430) eta Rarognen (1434), besteak beste.<\/p>\n

Gamereko jaunaren aurrean torturatua<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arku horren ertz batean, garai bertsuan, Nafarroa Behereko Oztibarren Jutsiko Joana atxilotu zuten eta Gamereko jaunaren (Zuberoa) aurrera eramanik, torturatu eta konfesatu arazi zioten Eiherabideko kondesak iniziatu zuela hamabost urte lehenago \u201cfatalitatearen artean\u201d.<\/p>\n

Haur eta helduak pozoitzea edo akerrarekin sexu harremanak izatea egotzi zioten, hurrengo mendeetan klasiko bat bihurtuko zen ipuina, ehunka lagunen zorigaitzerako. 1450ean hil zuten sutan \u201congia eraikitzeko eta gaizkiaren artea erabiltzen dutenak eskarmentatzeko\u201d, dio sententziak.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Gamereko jaunaren aurrean torturatu zuten Joana Jutsikoa, sorgina izatea egotzita. Argazkia: Wikimedia<\/p><\/div>\n

Historia ez da ezezaguna, jadanik 1889an aipatu zuen Garruzeko apez Larramendik Revue de B\u00e9arn, Navarre et Lannes<\/em> aldizkarian. Baina akaso Euskal Herrian dokumentaturiko lehen sorgin ehiza kasuaz ari ote gara? Castellek testuinguru horretan kokatzen du behintzat. Hala ere, badirudi izan zirela aurreragoko beste batzuk ere, Eugene Goyenche historialari lapurtarrak esaterako 1370ean izandako beste epaiketa baten berri dakar Munibe<\/em><\/a>-n, kasu honetan Ilharreko biztanleen artean, Amikuzen.<\/p>\n

Nolanahi ere, garbi dago Euskal Herria ere sartu behar dela sorgin ehizaren \u201csehaska\u201d deitu daitekeen arku europar horren barruan. Gainera, hasiera haietako bereizgarria izan zen jazarpena ez zela Inkisizioaren edo eliz erakundeen eskutik etorri, baizik eta lege zibil eta auzitegi laikoen eskutik, Castellek berak ikertu duenez \u2013horren berri ere eman genuen blog honetan<\/a>\u2013.<\/p>\n

Jutsiko Joana agian ez zen lehenengoa izan, baina hori baino inportanteagoa da gogoratzea haren atzetik emakume ugariren izenekin osaturiko zerrenda luze bat daukagula, patriarkatuaren eskarmentuaren biktima izan zirenak.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorgin ehizari buruzko historia ezagunenak XVI. eta XVII. mendekoak dira Euskal Herrian: Erronkarin, Zugarramurdin eta Lapurdin, inkisidore eta torturatzaileen amorrua jasan zuten herritar ugarik. Hain justu 1525ean, duela ia 500 urte Pirinioetan lehen prozesu orokorra hasi zutela gogoratu dute abuztuan Auritzen, Nabarralderen eskutik. Europan, milaka emakume erre zituzten sutan mende horietan, erreprodukzioaren gaineko kontrolaz jabetu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historia"],"yoast_head":"\nJoana Jutsikoa, sorginkeriagatik erre zuten lehenengoa? - Angelu itsua<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blogak.argia.eus\/urko-apaolaza\/2024\/09\/05\/johanette-juxuekoa-sorginkeriagatik-erre-zuten-lehenengoa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Joana Jutsikoa, sorginkeriagatik erre zuten lehenengoa? - Angelu itsua\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sorgin ehizari buruzko historia ezagunenak XVI. eta XVII. mendekoak dira Euskal Herrian: Erronkarin, Zugarramurdin eta Lapurdin, inkisidore eta torturatzaileen amorrua jasan zuten herritar ugarik. 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